Using the "Damper" member type, you can define a damping coefficient, a spring constant, and a mass. This member type extends the possibilities within the Time History Analysis.
With regard to viscoelasticity, the "Damper" member type is similar to the Kelvin-Voigt model, which consists of the damping element and an elastic spring (both connected in parallel).
Would you like to calculate curved beams (for example, made of glued-laminated timber)? For this purpose, you can use various section distributions for members:
The pushover analysis is managed by a newly introduced analysis type in the load combinations. Here, you have access to the selection of the horizontal load distribution and direction, the selection of a constant load, the selection of the desired response spectrum for the determination of the target displacement, and the pushover analysis settings tailored to the pushover analysis.
In the pushover analysis settings, you can modify the increment of the increasing horizontal load and specify the stopping condition for the analysis. Furthermore, it is possible to easily adjust the precision for the iterative determination of the target displacement.
Consideration of nonlinear component behavior using plastic standard hinges for steel (FEMA 356, EN 1998‑3) and nonlinear material behavior (masonry, steel - bilinear, user-defined working curves)
Direct import of masses from load cases or combinations for the application of constant vertical loads
User-defined specifications for the consideration of horizontal loads (standardized to a mode shape or uniformly distributed over the height of the masses)
Determination of a pushover curve with selectable limit criterion of the calculation (a collapse or limit deformation)
Transformation of the pushover curve into the capacity spectrum (ADRS format, single degree of freedom system)
Bilinearization of the capacity spectrum according to EN 1998‑1:2010 + A1:2013
Transformation of the applied response spectrum into the required spectrum (ADRS format)
Determination of target displacement according to EC 8 (the N2 method according to Fajfar 2000)
Graphical comparison of the capacity and required spectrum
Graphical evaluation of the acceptance criteria of predefined plastic hinges
Result display of the values used in the iterative calculation of the target displacement
Access to all results of the structural analysis in the individual load levels
For timber surfaces with the "Constant" thickness type, the crack factor kcr and thus the negative influence of cracks on the shear capacity is taken into account.
Are you familiar with the Tsai-Wu material model? It combines plastic and orthotropic properties, which allows for special modeling of materials with anisotropic characteristics, such as fiber-reinforced plastics or timber.
If the material is plastified, the stresses remain constant. The redistribution is carried out according to the stiffnesses available in the individual directions. The elastic area corresponds to the Orthotropic | Linear Elastic (Solids) material model. For the plastic area, the yielding according to Tsai-Wu applies:
All strengths are defined positively. You can imagine the stress criterion as an elliptical surface within a six-dimensional space of stresses. If one of the three stress components is applied as a constant value, the surface can be projected onto a three-dimensional stress space.
If the value for fy(σ), according to the Tsai-Wu equation, plane stress condition, is smaller than 1, the stresses are in the elastic zone. The plastic area is reached as soon as fy (σ) = 1; values greater than 1 are not allowed. The model behavior is ideal-plastic, which means there is no stiffening.
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Import of relevant information and results from RFEM
Integrated, editable material and section library
Sensible and complete presetting of input parameters
Punching design on columns (all section shapes), wall ends, and wall corners
Automatic recognition of the punching node position from an RFEM model
Detection of curves or splines as a boundary of the control perimeter
Automatic consideration of all slab openings defined in the RFEM model
Construction and graphical display of the control perimeter
Optional design with unsmoothed shear stress along the control perimeter that corresponds to the actual shear stress distribution in the FE model
Determination of the load increment factor β via full-plastic shear distribution as constant factors according to EN 1992‑1‑1, Sect. 6.4.3 (3), based on EN 1992‑1‑1, Fig. 6.21N, or by a user‑defined specification
Numerical and graphical display of results (3D, 2D, and in sections)
Punching design of the slab without punching reinforcement
Qualitative determination of the required punching reinforcement
Design and analysis of the longitudinal reinforcement
Complete integration of results in an RFEM printout report
Beam to Column joint category: connection possible as joint of the beam to the column flange as well as joint of the column to the girder flange
Beam to Beam joint category: design of beam joints as both moment-resisting end plate connections and rigid splice connections possible
Automatic export of model and load data possible from RFEM or RSTAB
Bolt sizes from M12 to M36 with strength grades 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, and 10.9 as long as the strength grades are available in the selected National Annex
Almost any bolt spacing and edge distances (a check of the allowable distances is performed)
Beam strengthening with tapers or stiffeners on the top and bottom surfaces
End plate connection with and without overlap
Connection with pure bending stress, pure normal force load (tension joint), or combination of normal force and bending possible
Calculation of connection stiffnesses and check if a hinged, semi-rigid, or rigid connection exists
End plate connection in a beam-column setup
Joint beams or columns can be stiffened with tapers on one side or with stiffeners to one or both sides
Wide range of possible stiffeners of the connection (for example, complete or incomplete web stiffeners)
Up to ten horizontal and four vertical bolts possible
Connected object possible as constant or tapered I-section
Designs:
Ultimate limit state of the connected beam (such as shear or tension resistance of the web plate)
Ultimate limit state of the end plate at the beam (for example, T-stub under tensile stress)
Ultimate limit state of the welds at the end plate
Ultimate limit state of the column in the area of the connection (for example, column flange under bending – T-stub)
All designs are performed according to EN 1993-1-8 and EN 1993-1-1
Moment-resisting end plate joint
Two or four vertical and up to 10 horizontal bolt rows
Joint beams can be stiffened with tapers on one side or with stiffeners to one or both sides
Connected objects are possible as constant or tapered I-sections
Designs:
Ultimate limit state of the connected beams (such as shear or tension resistance of the web plates)
Ultimate limit state of the end plates at the beam (for example, T-stub under tensile stress)
Ultimate limit state of the welds at the end plates
Ultimate limit state of the bolts in the end plate (combination of tension and shear)
Rigid splice plate connection
For the flange plate connection, up to ten bolt rows one behind the other possible
For the web plate connection, up to ten bolt rows possible each in vertical and horizontal directions
Material of the cleat can be different from the one of the beams
Designs:
Ultimate limit state of the joint beams (for example, net cross-section in the tension area)
Ultimate limit state of the cleat plates (for example, net cross-section under tensile stress)
Ultimate limit state of the single bolts and the bolt groups (for example, shear resistance design of the single bolt)
Import of relevant information and results from RFEM
Integrated, editable material and section library
The module extension EC2 for RFEM enables the design of reinforced concrete members according to EN 1992‑1‑1:2004 (Eurocode 2) and the following National Annexes:
DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA/A1:2015-12 (Germany)
ÖNORM B 1992-1-1:2018-01 (Austria)
NBN EN 1992-1-1 ANB:2010 (Belgium)
BDS EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2011 (Bulgaria)
EN 1992-1-1 DK NA:2013 (Denmark)
NF EN 1992-1-1/NA:2016-03 (France)
SFS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2007-10 (Finland)
UNI EN 1992-1-1/NA:2007-07 (Italy)
LVS EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2014 (Latvia)
LST EN 1992-1-1:2005/NA:2011 (Lithuania)
MS EN 1992-1-1:2010 (Malaysia)
NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011/NB:2016 (Netherlands)
NS EN 1992-1 -1:2004-NA:2008 (Norway)
PN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2010 (Poland)
NP EN 1992-1-1/NA:2010-02 (Portugal)
SR EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2008 (Romania)
SS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008 (Sweden)
SS EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008-06 (Singapore)
STN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2008-06 (Slovakia)
SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005/A101:2006 (Slovenia)
UNE EN 1992-1-1/NA:2013 (Spain)
CSN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2016-05 (Czech Republic)
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2005 (United Kingdom)
TKP EN 1992-1-1:2009 (Belarus)
CYS EN 1992-1-1:2004/NA:2009 (Cyprus)
In addition to the National Annexes (NA) listed above, you can define a specific NA, applying user‑defined limit values and parameters.
Sensible and complete presetting of input parameters
Punching design on columns, wall ends, and wall corners
Optional arrangement of an enlarged column head
Automatic recognition of the position of the punching node from the RFEM model
Detection of curves or splines as boundary of the control perimeter
Automatic consideration of all slab openings defined in the RFEM model
Structure and graphical display of the control perimeter before calculation starts
Qualitative determination of punching shear reinforcement
Optional design with unsmoothed shear stress along the control perimeter that corresponds to the actual shear stress distribution in the FE model
Determination of the load increment factor β via full-plastic shear distribution as constant factors according to EN 1992‑1‑1, Sect. 6.4.3 (3), based on EN 1992‑1‑1, Fig. 6.21N or by user‑defined specification
Integration of design software by Halfen, a producer of shear rails
Numerical and graphical display of results (3D, 2D, and in sections)
Punching shear design with or without punching shear reinforcement
Optional consideration of minimum moments according to EN 1992‑1‑1 when determining longitudinal reinforcement
Design or analysis of longitudinal reinforcement
Complete integration of results in the RFEM printout report
Optional consideration of stiffening elements for transversal tension
Two design types available for stiffening elements concerning transversal tension:
Constructive if required
Full absorption of tension stresses perpendicular to grain
Calculation of required number of stiffening elements for transversal tension and graphical representation of the arrangement in the beam
Simple geometry input with illustrative graphics
Convenient generation of snow loads according to EN 1991-1-3 or DIN 1055:2005, Part 5
Automatic determination of wind loads according to EN 1991-1-4 or DIN 1055:2005, Part 4
User-defined load cases and load applications
Automatic generation of all possible load combinations
Connection to MS Excel and access via COM interface
Material library for both standards
For design according to EC 5 (EN 1995), the following National Annexes are available:
DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA:2013-08 (Germany)
NBN EN 1995-1-1/ANB:2012-07 (Belgium)
DK EN 1995-1-1/NA:2011-12 (Denmark)
SFS EN 1995-1-1/NA:2007-11 (Finland)
NF EN 1995-1-1/NA:2010-05 (France)
UNI EN 1995-1-1/NA:2010-09 (Italy)
NEN EN 1995-1-1/NB:2007-11 (Netherlands)
ÖNORM B 1995-1-1:2015-06 (Austria)
PN EN 1995-1-1/NA:2010-09 (Poland)
SS EN 1995-1-1 (Sweden)
STN EN 1995-1-1/NA:2008-12 (Slovakia)
SIST EN 1995-1-1/A101:2006-03 (Slovenia)
CSN EN 1995-1-1:2007-09 (Czech Republic)
BS EN 1995-1-1/NA:2009-10 (the United Kingdom)
Extensive library of permanent loads
Allocation of a structure to service class, and specification of service class categories
Determination of design ratios, support forces, and deformations
Info icon indicating successful or failed design
Color reference scales in result tables
Direct data export to MS Excel
DXF interface for preparation production documents in CAD
Program languages: English, German, Czech, Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Polish, Chinese, Dutch, and Russian
Verifiable printout report, including all required designs. Printout report available in many output languages; for example, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Czech, Polish, Portuguese, Chinese, and Dutch.
When determining internal forces, you can choose between calculation method 1 (uncracked over entire beam length) and calculation method 2 (crack formation over internal columns).
In both cases, it is possible to consider a constant effective width of the concrete slab over the entire span according to ENV 1994-1-1, 4.2.2.1 (1) and a redistribution of the moments. Internal forces for the design of shear connectors can only be determined by the elastic calculation of internal forces using the RSTAB analysis core (no RSTAB license is required).
The calculation performs fully automatic determination of the effective cross-section properties at the respective points of time, considering creep and shrinkage. In the RSTAB user interface, the structural models are created as a member structure, including all boundary conditions and loading. This way, reliable calculation of the internal forces with the effective cross-section properties is ensured.
Comprehensive and easy options in the individual input windows facilitate the representation of the structural system:
Nodal Supports
The support type of each node is editable.
It is possible to define a warp stiffening on each node. The resulting warp spring is determined automatically using the input parameters.
Elastic member foundation
In the case of elastic member foundations, you can manually enter spring constants.
Alternatively, you can use the various options to define the rotational and translational springs from a shear panel.
Member End Springs
RF-/FE-LTB calculates the individual spring constants automatically. You can use the dialog boxes and detailed pictures to represent a translational spring by connecting component, a rotational spring by a connecting column, or a warping stiffener (available types: end plate, channel section, angle, connecting column, cantilevered portion).
Member Hinges
If there are no member hinges defined in RFEM/RSTAB for the set of members, you can define them directly in the RF-/FE-LTB add-on module.
Load Data
The nodal and member loads of the selected load cases and combinations are displayed in separate windows. There you can edit, delete, or add them individually.
Imperfections
RF-/FE-LTB automatically applies the imperfections by scaling the lowest eigenvector.